Secular Philosophy: Take It & Leave It

O'Connell Bridge, Dublin-trekearth

A bridge between Christian and secular philosophy?

Work is looking fairly promising at this point. Besides homecaring full-time, I have been accepted into a very short Justice Institute course at a local college which should connect me to related employment and as well I have some academic degree (PhD) related work that should be on the horizon.

Secular Philosophy: Take It & Leave It

I have commented on my blogs previously in regard to the concept that 'All Truth Is God's Truth', even without using the words necessarily.

Two examples come to mind in which from a Christian perspective, one can find philosophical and practical truth from a source but has to reject much of the information because a secular worldview is supported as opposed to the Biblical, Christian one.

Example One: Secular Relationship Coaches

I remember one incident when I emailed a blog link with a presentation from one of the relationship 'coaches' I used to listen to. He was secular and discussing attitude and like. My blog link is strongly Christian but noted that the motivational aspect of what the coach stated very much encouraged him to make some changes in his life.

However, a major moral, ethical and philosophical difficulty with this teacher and other online secular coaches often is that they do not accept Christian and Hebrew Bible morality and ethics in regard to sexuality.

This is problematic on at least two major fronts.

One, obviously with the different worldview the Christian cannot take all the advice of the coach as it would violate the conscience of the Christian listening/reading and if all the advice was taken would lead to the Christian violating Christian principles.

Two, a problem with such advice is that it is presented toward finding someone of the opposite sex that has a secular worldview.

To attempt to use certain advice with Christian women, for example, if one is a Christian man, would be disastrous and the moral contradictions to Biblical teaching would be obvious.

By the way, for those that think one should just listen to and study Christian teachers on such subjects of relationships, I would respectfully disagree.

In a similar way that I would not want to only study the Bible and Biblical Theology and ignore Philosophical Theology and Philosophy of Religion, if I am studying subjects such as Theodicy and The Problem of Evil.

To only read and listen to Christian material would be to miss much of the philosophical information and critiques available on subjects.

As much as secular writers and presenters in regard to relationships tend to not understand the crucial theological connection between human nature and desire and fallen human nature and desire and what sinful nature produces (Genesis 3, Romans 1-3), and therefore make significant mistakes in analysis; Christian coaches can be guilty of over-spiritualizing and in supposing God will do what he may not do necessarily.

Presuming and assuming of God in the face of reality, being a major issue I have discussed online especially in regard to the problem of evil.

Christian teachers may also be guilty, perhaps in cultural naivety, or in an intentional spiritual approach for the sake of cultural pleasantries and social expectations within the Church, of overlooking and not mentioning certain information from science, psychology and secular culture which would be useful truth for the Christian.

One particular coach is an example of what I am discussing. He is a fine speaker with very good social skills. He has had significant success with younger women and been divorced more than once. He also has some significant education is psychology and some philosophy. I found his site a few years ago. I, at one point wrote him in regard to his system and a Christian worldview, but received no reply.

He has some very good insights on dating younger women, for example, he has pointed out that the typical younger woman interested in a significantly older man is more intelligent than average and somewhat rebellious. He also pointed out that this type of person may be artistic.

From my experience, online and offline I would state that this is basically accurate.

This being a person that would perhaps be frustrated by the typical young adult male that spends his weekend, using the coach's example, watching the National Football League.

Instead someone older with intellectual pursuits in common, with solid career objectives and accomplishments may be more suitable.

However, I cannot follow his system because it is in my Christian and Biblical view at points immoral and unethical.

He suggests that a man 35+ looking for a younger woman, described as 18-34 needs to start at the low of end of the beauty scale and the high end of the age scale. He prescribes 'dating and mating' with someone in her forties to start.

The assumption being that younger women will observe the man dating and mating and according to Darwinian Evolution will compete for the man that is now more attractive because he is dating and mating.

Several problems from a Christian perspective:

One, assuming Darwinian Evolution as opposed to a scientific model of microevolution (not macroevolution) that allows for creation where persons made in God's image (Genesis 1), that post-fall (Genesis 3, Romans 1-3) have a tarnished image and corrupted nature.

Two, 'mating' outside of marriage would be fornication and adultery if it is with with a married person (Exodus 20, Matthew 5).

Fornication and adultery are by nature anti-family practices. Fornication being sexual practice outside of marriage commitment and no family, or a family without certain moral and ethical considerations and legal connections.

Adultery could lead to the damage or destruction of one family and possibly the formation of another.

If one was serious about a family with the highest form of Biblical love in Christ, for example, without what I view as philosophical 'out' clauses, marriage would be the approach.

Three, if one dating does not intend the woman in her forties for at least potential marriage, and intentionally dates and mates the person for the means of 'socially upgrading', it is using a person.

This would be the case even if the woman in her forties knew exactly what the man was doing, even if they were using each other, somewhat based on my point just mentioned, but would be morally and ethically worse if she did not have knowledge of the approach from the man.

Four, the philosophy worked for the coach and some students in a secular, liberal context.

But it would be quite dubious in a Biblical Christian context within a Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox or Evangelical cultural setting because once a man of 35+ is dating a woman in her forties the cultural presumption is that this would potentially lead to marriage.

I seriously doubt that younger women for the most part within the Christian Church in some Darwinian Evolutionary model are going to attempt to steal this man away from an older woman. More likely they will assume he has decided to go along with cultural expectations and date someone closer to his age with the hope of potential marriage.

By the way, this is one ethical reason I totally refuse to date someone menopausal or close, in her forties or with older children!

The much larger reason however, being lack of significant overall attraction.

Five, this coach also assumes, too often, incorrectly within his system that significant attraction for women in their forties would exist with men 35+. He acknowledges that many men do lack this desire to date older women, however.

But his system would rely on this attraction and if it lacks with significant numbers of men this approach has questionable practical use, even apart from moral and ethical consideration.

Six, if the 'upgrade' approach suggested by this coach ever became public knowledge within the Church and local churches, the man practicing this would basically be dead in the water in regard to dating and a potential relationship.

And rightly so.

Example Two:  Philosophy of Religion

I have already alluded to this issue.

Within my PhD and MPhil theses writing and research, non-Christian philosophers such as J.L. Mackie and Anthony Flew were very helpful in me being able to better understand and document some of the difficulties with libertarian free and incompatibilism in regard to God, the origin and creation of humanity, theodicy and the problem of evil.

Even though I do not agree with their philosophical disbelief in Christianity and as well their explanations of compatibilism were not the same as my theistic compatibilism, their critiques along with ones from Christian compatibilists helped me to better understand serious theological and philosophical difficulties with views often held by the apparent majority of Christians in regard to free will.

This was backed up by my statistical research with the Evangelical, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Non-denominational churches.

D. Z. Phillips, another non-Christian philosopher was also significantly helpful in me further understanding some of the difficulties of theodicy approaches that were too optimistic, or lacked significant theological and philosophical support from theists.

With secular philosophers of religion there are even legitimate criticisms of some Christian theology and philosophy. Intellectual findings within Philosophy of Religion can complement those found within Biblical Studies and Biblical and Philosophical Theology in the pursuit of knowledge and truth. However, overall worldview which disbelieves Christian faith and philosophy is rejected.

FLEW, ANTONY (1955) ‘Divine Omnipotence and Human Freedom’, in Antony Flew and A. MacIntrye (eds.), New Essays in Philosophical Theology, London, SCM, in Paul Edwards and Arthur Pap (eds.), A Modern Introduction To Philosophy, New York, The Free Press.

FLEW, ANTONY (1955) ‘Theology and Falsification’, in Antony Flew and A. MacIntrye (eds.), New Essays in Philosophical Theology, London, SCM, in Paul Edwards and Arthur Pap (eds.), A Modern Introduction To Philosophy, New York, The Free Press.

FLEW, ANTONY (1983)(1996) ‘The Falsification Challenge’, in Antony Flew and A. MacIntrye (eds.), New Essays in Philosophical Theology, in Michael Peterson, William Hasker, Bruce Reichenbach, and David Basinger (eds.), Philosophy of Religion, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

FLEW, ANTONY, R.M. HARE, AND BASIL MITCHELL (1996) ‘The Debate on the Rationality of Religious Belief’, in L.P. Pojman (ed.), Philosophy, The Quest for Truth, New York, Wadsworth Publishing Company.

FLEW, ANTONY AND A.MACINTRYE (1999) ‘Philosophy of Religion’, in Alan Richardson and John Bowden (eds.), A New Dictionary of Christian Theology, Kent, SCM Press Ltd.

MACKIE, J.L. (1955)(1996) ‘Evil and Omnipotence’, in Mind, in Michael Peterson, William Hasker, Bruce Reichenbach, and David Basinger (eds.), Philosophy of Religion, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

MACKIE, J.L. (1971)(1977)(2002) ‘Evil and Omnipotence’, in The Philosophy of Religion, in Alvin C. Plantinga, God, Freedom, and Evil, Grand Rapids. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.

PHILLIPS, D.Z. (1981) Encountering Evil, Stephen T. Davis (ed.), Atlanta, John Knox Press.

PHILLIPS, D.Z. (2005) The Problem of Evil and the Problem of God, Fortress Press, Minneapolis.

End


This just emailed to me:

'The Procrastinator's Ten Commandants

I believe that if anything is worth doing, it would have been done already.

I shall never move quickly, except to avoid more work or find excuses.

I will never rush into a job without a lifetime of consideration.

I shall meet all of my deadlines directly in proportion to the amount of bodily injury I could expect to receive from missing them.

I firmly believe that tomorrow holds the possibility for new technologies, astounding discoveries, and a reprieve from my obligations.

I truly believe that all deadlines are unreasonable regardless of the amount of time given.

If at first I don't succeed, there is always next year.

I shall always decide not to decide, unless of course I decide to change my mind.

I shall always begin, start, initiate, take the first step, and/or write the first word, when I get around to it.

I will never put off tomorrow, what I can forget about forever.'

End

Somewhat humourous but that is the type of thinking that does not lead to success...

What is next 'The Procrastinator's Bible?'

Would a liberal be someone that does something today that is on the mind?

Religious Websites & Computer Viruses

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Symantec April 2012

quote:

'Based on Norton Safe Web32 data – Symantec technology that scans the Web looking for websites hosting malware – we’ve determined that 61% of malicious sites are actually regular Web sites that have been compromised and infected with malicious code.

By Category, The Top-5 Most Infected Websites Are:

1 Blogs & Web communications
2 Hosting/Personal hosted sites
3 Business/Economy
4 Shopping
5 Education & Reference

'It is interesting to note that Web sites hosting adult/pornographic content are not in the top five, but ranked tenth.'

'Moreover, religious and ideological sites were found to have triple the average number of threats per infected site than adult/pornographic sites. We hypothesize that this is because pornographic website owners already make money from the internet and, as a result, have a vested interest in keeping their sites malware-free – it’s not good for repeat business.'

Slate.com May 24 2012

quote:

Header

'When it comes to computer viruses, you’re now more likely to catch one visiting a church website than surfing for porn.'

quote:

'As with herpes, one of the peripheral embarrassments of contracting a computer virus is that everyone has a pretty good idea of what you were up to when you got it. Oh sure, it’s possible you just chastely pecked a misleading email link. But odds are you picked it up because you were dallying on one of those shady, fly-by-night websites that people visit when they’re seeking fulfillment. You know—religious sites.'

'In its latest annual Internet security threat report, Symantec, the maker of Norton AntiVirus software, found that “religious and ideological sites” have far surpassed pornographic websites as targets for criminal hackers. According to the company you’re now three times as likely to encounter malware—insidious software that can steal your data, pelt you with spam, or enslave your machine in a botnet—on your local church blog as you are on a porn site.

The explanation is straightforward: The entrepreneurs who run adult websites are old hands at Web security, and they’ve long since learned to use protection. Those who build and host church websites, by contrast, may have the best intentions, but they tend to be naive and inexperienced. For hackers, that makes them easy prey.' 'Merighi says the online porn industry in the 1990s resembled the online religious community today—technologically speaking, of course. Enterprising photographers, filmmakers, bloggers, and businesspeople with limited Web savvy were starting their own sites in droves, often using the cheapest and simplest platforms available. Hackers soon capitalized, giving porn sites a well-deserved reputation as cesspools of malware, spam, intrusive pop-up ads, and sneaky redirects. But as traffic soared and companies began to cash in, competition became stiff, and the industry consolidated.'

'Religious sites aren’t a category unto themselves, but are split between blogs, self-hosted sites, and “education/reference” sites, which rank fifth on the “most-infected” list.'

End quotes

Computer viruses and malware are bad for the pornography business and therefore it is no surprise that these sites would often be secure.

One thing religious sites and pornographic sites have in common is potential for controversy and both could be targets for hackers based on philosophical considerations.

A person or group may have strong disagreements with site content and view hacking a site as a form of retaliation.

On my other blog I was noting in the most recent post's comment that I recently had the following issue on my laptop:

If 'Unable To Connect To Proxy Server' arrives on your computer screen and web access is denied although one has email with Windows, with the Google Chrome browser it provides directions on how to reset back to LAN status and not proxy. 

Settings-Show Advanced Settings-Change Proxy Settings-LAN Settings-Unclick Use A Proxy Server For Your LAN

I then did a search on the web to gain some information on where these computer viruses are most likely to be found and thus the inspiration for this post.

I have had my share of computer viruses and malware and have several security programs.

Windows 7 with my laptop has been less troublesome.

On more than once occasion with Windows XP and my former desktop I have downloaded specific fixes for specific viruses, usually Trojans of some type.

ZeroAccess rootkit was probably the most difficult to deal with as it places itself into Windows processes and eliminates or prohibits access to certain programs. I was blocked from the world wide web and had to use another computer to find fixes and as well the virtually 'satanic' program prohibited access to my anti-virus programs.

This required a Windows XP operating system reformat to clean and fix. Even with most of the files backed up and programs on disc, with my previous and last desktop it took approximately twenty four hours to reload all my files and programs after reformat.

I downloaded ZeroAccess rootkit off of You Tube! Twice. Connected to videos.

Trojan horses and rootkits and Ad Rotator viruses that played audio advertisements in the background and also redirected my browsers were the second most difficult form of virus and malware to deal with. The first time I downloaded these my programs eventually deleted them, the second time none of them worked and I temporarily used a paid for program that eventually deleted them after several weeks.

I ended the subscription after six months.

I reason these viruses and malware were picked up from blogs.

The persons that create these viruses and malware need to get a life. The creators of the more serious viruses obviously have talent and skill and it is being wasted in work that I doubt often benefits them financially.

Morally and ethically to create viruses and malware for web viewers is a form of attack on personal property.

There should be more legal ramifications for such hackers, if they can be caught.

Google Images

Google Images

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Sports & Situational Ethics

Helsinki-Google Images

Helsinki-Google Images

Helsinki

Helsinki-Google Images

Former Montreal Canadiens and Colorado Avalanche goaltender Patrick Roy is now the head coach of the Avalanche. This event above occurred in his first game Wednesday evening. In my view, and this is a deduction, his reaction may not have just been from the actual event but may actually be somewhat theatrical. The reason being the Avalanche have not been a contender the last few years and by the coach publicly standing up for his players, this supposedly and quite possibly creates a team environment which is considered more beneficial for winning.

Perhaps taking advantage of the situation?

I played ball hockey for many years and may play again one day, but one of the reasons I focus on martial arts, walking, light jogging and weights now is the ethical and moral issues in regard to theatre connected with ball hockey, and likely often connected with team sports.

There was also personal mental fatigue in being involved in such.

By mental fatigue I mean I would grow tired of the culture and environment and how it effected me.

I am intellectually in support of one doing the best one can do for the team, and for one to be the best player he/she can be, but I found even when playing ball hockey, even with Christians, there was often the danger of abandoning Christian ethics and morality.

The culture and emotions of the game seem to often rule and because it is seemingly often considered in a sense not 'real life' but just a game, many persons will act in ways playing ball hockey that he/she would not act in 'real life'.

However, from a Biblical perspective particular actions coming from thoughts and the paradigms allowed in the situation can demonstrate a failure to follow the great commandments from the gospels and failure to love fellow Christians as one should (John 15).

This often takes place in forms of theatre.

This could be an example of 'situational ethics' which was a concept I was introduced to at Columbia Bible College.

In other words from what I was taught at the College, applying different ethics in the theatre of sport, while playing ball hockey, that one would not usually ethically live by in real life, outside of the field of play.

Blackburn on situational ethics:

The view that ethical judgments apply to whole situations, rather in a similar way that aesthetic judgments are applied to works of art. Blackburn (1996: 352). A difficulty being with the view that ethics is not only a matter of responding to ethical situations but is a practical subject where 'future options have to be ranked in the light of different features'. Blackburn (1996: 352).

The Cambridge Dictionary on 'situation ethics':

It states it is an anti-theoretical case-by-case applied ethics that became popular in some European and American religious circles after World War II. Becker (1996: 738). Each moral choice must be determined by a particular context and situation. Becker (1996: 738). It rejects the idea that ethical principles are universal, and the same for moral principles, and these ethics and principles do not go beyond 'indeterminate commitments or ideals' Becker (1996: 738). It rejects attempts to develop general ethical and moral guidelines from a case. Becker (1996: 738).

I reason that consistent Biblical, Christian ethics and morality should be and needs to be applied in all life situations. Biblical commands do not supply and allow for theatrical exceptions and exemptions.

That is not to state that one could not be an actor as that would actually be presenting fiction. I am discussing actual real life situations such as sports, team sports, and ball hockey that are often not ethically and morally treated as real life, but rather as just a game.

BECKER, LAWRENCE C. (1996) Situation Ethics, in Robert Audi (ed.), The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

BLACKBURN, SIMON (1996) Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

From

Mail Online October 2012:Rugby league star has to have testicle removed

citations:

'Rugby league star has to have testicle removed after refusing to come off with rupture injury during Grand Final Heroic Paul Wood, 31, played through the pain barrier for Warrington

He was joking about the incident on Twitter just hours later

But the father-of-two may now have to quit playing'

 'One of his tweets read: 'Ruptured my right testicle, got a knee 1 minute into the second half, had to have it removed.''

This morning I heard this story on Talk Sport from the United Kingdom.

This player is still playing. 

Philosophically...I would have quit. Why take further risks?

BBC Sun

From the BBC:

citations:

'It concerns a 10-year-old-boy who was banned from turning up at his school's World War II costume day. Pupils were urged to "dress in the style of the era" as "an evacuee, soldier etc". William Gahasemi went one stage further. He turned up in an Adolf Hitler costume. His mum, Davina, who brushed his hair to the side, drew a toothbrush moustache below his nose and fashioned him a swastika armband, was told by teachers that the outfit was "extremely inappropriate". She defends the decision in an unimprovable quote: "I wasn't sure at first, but William said Hitler was kind of the lead character in the whole war and someone should play him."'

The Sun has the photo of the boy in costume which I am not going to post here.

I also heard this story on Talk Sport this morning. I agree with the radio commenters that the Mother should have used more common sense and had her child dress differently. Dressing as such creates unnecessary controversy, due to the horrific nature of World War II, much of it connected to Nazi Germany and Britain was at war with Nazi Germany, which in my mind means the social negatives of wearing such a costume in context outweigh the rights of personal freedom to dress as such.

Talk Sport:Wenger criticises Wilshere after Arsenal ace pictured smoking

citations:

'The England midfielder was dropped for Tuesday night's win over Napoli, but was expected to be recalled for this weekend's trip to West Brom. But he is not in the good books of Highbury boss Arsene Wenger, who said: "You damage your reputation if you do it out socially. "I disagree completely with that behaviour. I don't know really what happened, so I will need to have a chat with him about that. "There are two things - first of all when you are a football player you are an example and as well you don't do what damages your health. "The fact is that you can damage your health at home, you can smoke at home and you can drink at home, and nobody sees it, but when you go out socially you also damage your reputation as an example."'

The Mail Online October 4

'Wilshere then took to Twitter appearing to defend his actions, posting a picture of former France and Real Madrid legend Zinedine Zidane smoking a cigarette before writing: 'But for the record... I don't smoke.'''

I had a laugh when the Talk Sport commenters were stating that perhaps he was holding the cigarette for a friend...

The Races

Morocco-trekearth

Morocco-trekearth

The Races

I am subscribed to the 'Reasons To Believe' Newsletter. A publication and ministry dedicated to assisting those interested in faith and science.

Fazale Rana writes an interesting article: 'Where Did The Races Come From?'

He states that the Bible doesn't explain how racial diversity arose, although it is implied that humanity was scattered after the Tower of Babel in Genesis 11: 1-9. 11. September/October (2013:1)

New American Standard Bible/NASB

Now the whole earth [a]used the same language and [b]the same words. 2 It came about as they journeyed east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar and [c]settled there. 3 They said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” And they used brick for stone, and they used tar for mortar. 4 They said, “Come, let us build for ourselves a city, and a tower whose top will reach into heaven, and let us make for ourselves a name, otherwise we will be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth.” 5 The Lord came down to see the city and the tower which the sons of men had built. 6 The Lord said, “Behold, they are one people, and they all have [d]the same language. And this is what they began to do, and now nothing which they purpose to do will be [e]impossible for them. 7 Come, let Us go down and there confuse their [f]language, so that they will not understand one another’s [g]speech.” 8 So the Lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of the whole earth; and they stopped building the city. 9 Therefore its name was called [h]Babel, because there the Lord confused the [i]language of the whole earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of the whole earth.

The newsletter notes that the Biblical account may not seem to square with the commonly held scientific concept by anthropologists of 'regional differences' explaining human racial diversity. September/October (2013:1).

It is explained that the many more years of the evolutionary model (as in Darwinian Evolution) assumed human regional differences occurred approximately two million years ago. September/October (2013:1). A model of 'multiregionalism' being assumed, the idea that a primitive type of human being migrated from Africa into Eurasia and then independently evolved. September/October (2013:1).

The regional differences assumed to occur because persons on different continents had 'separate evolutionary trajectories' which would require a vast amount of time to take place. September/October (2013:1).

However, recent 'genetic variability studies' have demonstrated that multiregionalism is incorrect. September/October (2013:1).

Instead data indicates humanity likely originated earlier as in approximately 100, 000 years ago and dispersed 50, 000 years ago. Therefore tens of thousands of years as opposed to millions. September/October (2013:1).

The newsletter explains that within a microevolutionary (not macroevolutionary model) migrating humanity can be explained through 'natural selection', 'sexual selection', and 'genetic drift'. September/October (2013:1).

Very interestingly with the data it indicates that original humanity likely appeared very much in appearance like African people groups today. September/October (2013:1). The idea being that as human beings moved to northern latitudes this caused 'lightening of the skin pigmentation' and this allowed for increased and productive Vitamin D synthesis which would require exposure to UV radiation from the sun. September/October (2013:1).

Changes in body type, from the original African type, would assist with heat retention in colder Northern climates. A change from a broader to narrower nose would assist in moving warm air before reaching the lungs. September/October (2013:1).

The view based on the data is that the regional differences can occur quite rapidly. September/October (2013:1). By this I reason in comparison to a Darwinian Evolutionary model.

Academically there is crossover when dealing with Biblical concepts of origins and scientific date and theory.

In regard to human existence beginning being potentially approximately 50, 000 to 100, 000 years ago.
From my PhD research I found that it appeared that most conservative scholars reasoned in agreement with Fretheim (1994: 153), that the Genesis text is filled with metaphorical, symbolic language in certain sections. This in no way requires a view that Genesis 1-3, for example, contains mythology, but rather contains religious history. Figurative literal language can be used to describe non-mythological actual religious history. And of course much of Scripture is plain literal, for example the Gospel ministry of Christ and the Apostles.

This understanding does allow for intellectual flexibility in regard to estimated dates in regard to origin of finite creation, the physical universe, and finite humanity.

From a philosophical perspective in light of the apparent need for microevolution (again not Darwinian Evolution) to explain humanity developing from Adam and Eve into diverse ethnic and racial groups, 50, 000 to 100, 000 years allows for much more development time and changes by the planet and also within humanity than would be as reasonable, for example, in an estimated 6, 000 years.

In light of racism, I find it fascinating that perhaps based on data mentioned, and I have read and heard similar, that original humanity may have been darker skinned as in African types and therefore Caucasians would have evolved, via microevolution from Africans.

FRETHEIM, TERENCE E. (1985)(2005) ‘The Suffering of God: An Old Testament Perspective’, in Theology Today, Volume 1, Number 1, Bookreview17. Princeton, Princeton Theological Seminary. http://theologytoday.ptsem.edu/apr1985/v42-1-bookreview17.htm

FRETHEIM, TERENCE E. (1994) ‘Is Genesis 3 a Fall Story?’, in Word and World, Luther Seminary, pp. 144-153. Saint Paul, Luther Seminary.

Reasons To Believe Newsletter, September/October 2013, Glendora, California.

Google Images-Almost looks like he ate his old tube monitor...Kind of like that guy that ate a bus.

Google Images-Supercat? Attention ploy @ lunch? Mine used to sit on the newspaper being read.

At Whim Of Wind-by Caron Smed